Cell and Gene Therapy Costs Millions. Can Ordinary Patients Ever Benefit?

Cell and gene therapies can now cure diseases that were a death sentence ten years ago, but at $2 to $4 million for a gene therapy and $400,000 to $600,000 for a Western CAR-T, almost no ordinary patient can pay. The price is not fixed, though. Where manufacturing has moved closer to the patient, the same class of treatment now costs a fraction: roughly $135,000–180,000 for a CAR-T in China, about €89,000 at a Barcelona hospital, and around ₹30 lakh (about $34,000) in India. This article looks at what is actually happening in India, China, Southeast Asia and the rest of the world, where patients are travelling for treatment, whether "off-the-shelf" therapies will fix the logistics, what Named Patient Import can and can't do, and what a patient or a treating doctor can realistically do today.

If the common patient can't afford it, what's the point?

I want to start with the question most articles on this subject step around, because it's the one that matters.

A therapy that exists but can't be bought isn't really a treatment for most people. It's a headline. For a family in Lucknow, Lagos, Manila or Lima, a $2 million price isn't something you negotiate. You read it twice, and then you stop reading.

So, honestly, what is the point?

For most patients in 2026 the answer is uncomfortable: not much, yet. But "yet" is doing real work in that sentence. I've spent over 25 years in international pharmaceutical business development, and I've watched this pattern before, with HIV antiretrovirals, with hepatitis C, with biologics. The first price is set for the richest payer on earth. Then the manufacturing moves, the cost base changes, and the price falls by an order of magnitude. Cell and gene therapy is at the start of that curve, and the fall is already visible, most of all in India and China.

That's the point. Not what the therapy costs in Boston today, but how fast the price is falling everywhere else.

What these therapies actually cost today

Here are the numbers, because the scale of the problem only lands when you see them together:

Look at the last two rows. CAR-T prices in the US have gone up since launch, not down. And the drug price isn't the bill. Once hospital stay, intensive care and monitoring are added, the real cost of a Kymriah course often passes $700,000 and can top $1 million.

Here's the part most coverage misses: it isn't working for the sellers either

It would be simpler if this were a story about greedy companies. It isn't.

In February 2025 Pfizer stopped selling Beqvez, its haemophilia B gene therapy, less than a year after it was approved, citing weak demand. At a $3.5 million list price, reports indicated that no patient had been treated with it commercially. A working therapy for a serious bleeding disorder was approved, priced, launched and withdrawn, having reportedly helped nobody.

bluebird bio, for a decade the flagship of the whole gene therapy field, with three approved products, was once valued at around $10 billion. In June 2025 it was sold to two private equity firms for about $29 million.

So the model is failing both sides at once. Patients can't pay. Companies can't build a business, because a one-time cure for an ultra-rare disease has a few hundred customers, no repeat sales, and very high manufacturing costs. That matters, because it means the fix won't come from shaming one company into a discount. It will come from changing how these therapies are made and paid for, and that's exactly what's happening in Asia.

India: building to a different cost base

India's approach hasn't been to discount a Western product. It has been to build the product again, at a completely different cost.

NexCAR19 (talicabtagene autoleucel), from Mumbai-based ImmunoACT, was approved by India's regulator, the CDSCO, in October 2023 as India's first home-grown CAR-T. It launched at about ₹42 lakh and has since come down to around ₹30 lakh, roughly $34,000. For comparison, an imported CAR-T in India runs to crores. ImmunoACT reports more than 600 patients treated across over 130 centres. And this is the bit I find most telling: the company was profitable in its first full year, with about ₹62 crore in revenue and ₹12 crore profit before tax in FY25. A CAR-T business that makes money at $34,000 a dose tells you how much of the Western price is not manufacturing cost.

In January 2026, Cipla signed on to commercialise NexCAR19 in South Africa, Algeria and Morocco, with the product still made in India. That's India moving from destination to source.

Qartemi (varnimcabtagene autoleucel), from Bengaluru-based Immuneel Therapeutics, became India's second approved CAR-T in January 2025, for relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma, at about ₹35–50 lakh. It's licensed from Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, which matters and comes up again below.

Gene therapy is following. In December 2024, researchers at CMC Vellore, supported by the Department of Biotechnology, reported India's first human gene therapy trial for haemophilia A in the New England Journal of Medicine. It used a lentiviral vector, and all five patients had an annualised bleeding rate of zero. And for sickle cell disease, which falls hardest on India's tribal communities, CSIR-IGIB has developed BIRSA 101, a CRISPR-based therapy. Serum Institute of India signed for the technology in November 2025 and trials are due to begin in 2026. The expected cost is around ₹50 lakh, against the ₹20–25 crore reportedly charged for CRISPR sickle cell therapy in India today. It isn't approved yet, and trial results will decide everything. But if it lands anywhere near that price, it changes the conversation for millions of people.

China: scale, and a new way to pay

China has more approved CAR-T products than anywhere outside the US: seven or eight commercial options by mid-2026 depending on how you count, from companies including JW Therapeutics, Fosun Kite, Juventas, IASO Bio with Innovent, CARsgen and Legend. In June 2026 CARsgen's satri-cel became the first CAR-T anywhere approved for a solid tumour, gastric cancer. List prices mostly sit between about CNY 990,000 and CNY 1.29 million, roughly $135,000–180,000. That's about a third of the US price. Still out of reach for most families, but a different order of magnitude. And the reach is still thin: by one estimate only about 4,000 patients in China had received a commercial CAR-T in the five years to 2026.

What's more interesting is the payment side. In December 2025, China's national healthcare security administration published its first Commercial Health Insurance Innovative Drug Catalogue: 19 therapies, including two CAR-Ts, axicabtagene ciloleucel and equecabtagene autoleucel. The catalogue steers private insurers towards covering high-cost innovative drugs, with negotiated price cuts estimated at around 20–40%. Axicabtagene ciloleucel was already covered by more than 110 city-level "Huiminbao" insurance schemes before it was listed. Those are low-premium supplementary plans that millions of ordinary people buy for a small annual fee.

That's a genuinely new model: not free treatment, but a realistic route by which an ordinary insured family can get a CAR-T paid for. Other countries should be paying close attention.

Southeast Asia: early, uneven, and hospital-led

Southeast Asia is earlier on the curve, and the picture varies a lot by country.

Singapore approved Kymriah in March 2021, the first CAR-T approval in Southeast Asia, delivered through Singapore General Hospital. It's world-class care at close to world prices, and it draws patients from across the region who can afford it.

Thailand has taken the academic route. Chulalongkorn University built its own CAR-T manufacturing centre, certified by the Thai FDA, and has been treating lymphoma patients in a clinical trial at a cost it puts at around ten times lower than commercial products. Imported CAR-T in Thailand can cost up to 15 million baht, about $470,000.

Vietnam's Vinmec treated its first patient with CAR-T in 2023, a four-year-old girl with leukaemia. It manufactures in-house and returns the cells within about eight to twelve days, a therapy that previously meant travelling abroad.

Malaysia has quietly built its own. A locally developed CD19 CAR-T was given to 30 patients at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia's hospital between 2019 and 2025, a programme its developers describe as a response to high costs and the absence of approved products. University Malaya Medical Centre opened a RM6 million GMP laboratory for CAR-T and other cell therapies in 2024.

In Indonesia and the Philippines, access still largely means an imported product at full price, or a flight.

The rest of the world: two models worth copying

Spain's hospital-made CAR-T. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona developed its own CAR-T, ARI-0001 (varnimcabtagene autoleucel). Spain's medicines agency, AEMPS, approved its use in February 2021 under the "hospital exemption" route for advanced therapies. It costs €89,270 per treatment in Spain, less than a third of comparable commercial products. It's the same product Immuneel licensed for India as Qartemi. One academic idea, two affordable markets.

Paying only if it works. In the US, the federal Cell and Gene Therapy Access Model, announced in July 2025, has 33 states plus Washington DC and Puerto Rico signed up, covering 84% of Medicaid patients with sickle cell disease. The government negotiates with manufacturers on the states' behalf, and the manufacturers pay rebates if a therapy doesn't deliver the promised benefit. Brazil took a similar route earlier, bringing Zolgensma into its public system with payment reportedly spread over five years and tied to long-term monitoring. If a manufacturer says a one-time cure delivers decades of value, it can be paid over those decades, and paid less if the cure disappoints. That logic travels well to any public health system.

A worked example: what a self-paying family actually faces

This is illustrative. The figures are rounded list prices and rough planning allowances, not quotes, and real costs vary with the hospital, the patient's condition and complications.

Take an adult with B-cell lymphoma that has relapsed after two lines of treatment, from a family with no insurance that covers CAR-T:

• In the US: Kymriah alone is about $593,000. With hospital care, the total often passes $700,000.
• In China: a locally made CD19 CAR-T lists at around CNY 1.2 million, about $165,000, before hospital costs.
• In India: NexCAR19 is around ₹30 lakh, about $34,000. Add hospital stay, intensive-care standby, monitoring, and six to eight weeks' accommodation and travel for the patient and one carer, and a sensible planning figure is perhaps another $10,000–20,000. That puts the total somewhere around $45,000–55,000.

That's the whole argument in three lines. The India figure is more than ten times lower than the US one, and it's still more than most families could raise without insurance, a government scheme or a fundraiser. The gap is closing. It isn't closed.

Travelling for treatment: where patients are actually going

When the numbers in that example don't work at home, families start looking at a map. Cell therapy travel is small next to hip replacements or IVF, but it's growing, and the destinations aren't the ones people expect. Here's what I'd tell a family or a referring doctor about each.

China

China is now actively courting foreign patients. Foreigners made about 1.28 million hospital visits there in 2025, up 73% on 2022, helped by visa-free entry. Bloomberg reported in June 2026 that CAR-T costs about $150,000–180,000 in China against $300,000–475,000 in the US. One Shanghai provider said it had treated about 30 foreign CAR-T patients since late 2024. Jiahui International Hospital in Shanghai runs an international CAR-T service, and its first foreign patient was discharged three weeks after infusion. The barriers are real, though: there's no dedicated medical visa, language and payment are genuine problems, and many Chinese registration trials enrol Chinese citizens only, so the cheap trial route is usually closed to foreigners.

Malaysia

Malaysia's advantage is its academic programmes and its private hospitals. Sunway Medical Centre now offers CAR-T for lymphoma, leukaemia and myeloma. What I couldn't find is a published price, which tells you something in itself: ask for a written, itemised quote, and ask which product it is.

Thailand

Thailand is the one to watch. Alongside Chulalongkorn, Ramathibodi Hospital has treated more than 40 patients with its own CAR-T, at a cost it puts at 10 to 20 times below the roughly 15 million baht of an imported product, and its spin-off expects Thai FDA approval in 2026. Ramathibodi has also transferred the technology to the private Samitivej hospital group, with an explicit ambition to serve patients from across ASEAN. Prince of Songkla University has costed a local product at about 2 million baht (around $60,000) against up to 20 million for an import. Thailand already has the medical-travel infrastructure. If a Thai-made CAR-T is approved, it could become the region's CAR-T hub quickly.

Germany

Germany has long been a destination for international patients, and its CAR-T centres are among Europe's most experienced. But it isn't cheap. Commercial CAR-T launched there at €282,000–420,000, and even after negotiation German health insurers pay around €239,000–272,000 a dose. A self-paying foreigner pays more than that once hospital care is added, and expects to pay up front: Heidelberg University Hospital, for example, asks for the full estimated cost to be transferred before the appointment. Patients also need to stay close to the treating centre for the first weeks after infusion. The interesting development is academic: in December 2025 Heidelberg became the first German hospital authorised to make its own CAR-T under the hospital exemption, for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Whether such products can be offered to foreign self-payers isn't clear yet.

Turkey

Turkey is moving fast, and the picture changes month to month. A 2024 review said no CAR-T was yet in standard commercial use there. Since then the state has built a domestic programme: the first patient was treated at Ankara Etlik City Hospital in November 2025, with around a dozen treated by May 2026, and Akdeniz University in Antalya has said it wants to draw patients from the Middle East. Private groups such as Acıbadem now advertise CD19 CAR-T. Prices quoted by medical-travel facilitators range from about $75,000 to $300,000, usually without saying which product is used. I'd treat a quote like that as the start of a conversation, not a price. The first question is simple: which product, made where, and approved by whom?

Israel

Israel has the strongest story here. Sheba Medical Center has been making its own CAR-T on site since 2016, in about 10 to 11 days, and says it has treated more than 500 patients. Data presented at the American Society of Hematology meeting in 2024 showed outcomes comparable to the leading commercial products. Hadassah and Bar-Ilan University developed their own BCMA CAR-T for myeloma, HBI0101, which has been tested in more than 50 patients in trials. Sheba welcomes international patients and says its costs are 30–80% below the US, though it doesn't publish a price. Expect at least two weeks in hospital and up to eight to ten weeks in the country overall.

Two things apply everywhere. First, whatever the brochure says, the patient stays near the centre for weeks after infusion, with a carer, and that cost is often bigger than people plan for. Second, the follow-up doesn't end when the patient flies home. Someone at home has to manage late side effects and long-term monitoring, so involve the local haematologist before the trip, not after.

Autologous or allogeneic: which one makes this logistically viable?

Suppose the money is solved. The patient still may not get treated, because the CAR-Ts sold today are almost all autologous: made from the patient's own cells. That makes them the most demanding supply chain in medicine.

Each product is a batch of one. The patient's T cells are collected by apheresis, shipped to a lab, engineered, grown and shipped back. Fresh cells last only 12 to 96 hours, so they travel cryopreserved at −150°C or colder, some at −196°C in liquid nitrogen. Median real-world "vein-to-vein" time for a leading CAR-T is about 27 days, and manufacturing fails for somewhere between 1% and 18% of patients. When that happens it isn't an inventory problem. It's a patient who may not be well enough to try again. Any country without apheresis centres, validated cryogenic transport and customs staff who know what a dry vapour shipper is simply can't deliver it, whoever is paying.

Allogeneic, or "off-the-shelf", cell therapy is the obvious fix: make the cells from healthy donors in advance, store them, and ship a vial when a patient needs it. The logistics case is strong:

• One donor collection can produce 30 to 50 doses.
• A patient can be treated within five to seven days, instead of waiting six to eight weeks.
• Manufacturing cost estimates run as low as $10,000–20,000 a dose. That's an industry projection, not a price anyone has announced.

For a hospital in Nairobi, Dhaka or Jakarta, that would change everything: no apheresis, no round trip, a vial in a freezer.

But here's the honest status. As of 2026, no allogeneic CAR-T has been approved anywhere. Early response rates come close to autologous products, but the donor cells are gradually rejected by the patient's immune system, and responses tend not to last as long. The one approved off-the-shelf T-cell therapy, tabelecleucel (Ebvallo) for a rare transplant-related lymphoma, has been approved in Europe since 2022, but was turned down again by the US FDA in January 2026. So allogeneic therapy would make CGT logistically viable for emerging markets. It doesn't yet.

There's a third route that may leapfrog both: in vivo CAR-T, where a single infusion reprograms the patient's T cells inside the body. No collection, no lab, no cold chain beyond an ordinary vial. The early data are striking. In a small study of EsoBiotec's ESO-T01 in multiple myeloma, published in The Lancet in July 2025, all four patients responded. AstraZeneca has since agreed to pay up to $1 billion for the company. But it was a handful of patients, and a later report on five patients recorded serious side effects in all of them and one death from cardiac arrest. It's the most exciting idea in the field, and it's years away from routine use.

So for patients in 2026, the practical logistics fix isn't a new cell type. It's manufacturing close to the patient: in-country, as India and China are doing, or at the hospital itself, as Barcelona, Chulalongkorn and Vinmec are doing. That cuts both the price and the vein-to-vein time.

Named Patient Import: when the product can't travel easily, and what must be on paper first

Travel isn't possible for every patient. A child with spinal muscular atrophy, or an adult too sick to fly, needs the therapy to come to them. That's where Named Patient Import comes in, and it's the part of this field I work in every day.

How the route works. In India there are two doors. Under Rule 36 of the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, a patient can apply on Form 12A, with a registered doctor's prescription, to import a small quantity of an unapproved medicine for personal use. Under the New Drugs and Clinical Trials Rules 2019, a government hospital can apply on Form CT-24 for a licence (CT-25) to import an unapproved new drug for a patient with a life-threatening condition, certified by the medical superintendent. That second route requires the drug to be approved in its country of origin. In Europe, the equivalents are named-patient supply under Article 5(1) of Directive 2001/83/EC and compassionate-use programmes under Article 83 of Regulation 726/2004, though how each country applies them to advanced therapies varies.

It works. In 2021, Zolgensma was imported for a five-month-old girl in Mumbai at a cost of about ₹16 crore, and the government waived around ₹6 crore of import duty and GST. Before India approved Zolgensma in August 2025, roughly 50–60 Indian children received it through a manufacturer lottery, crowdfunding or direct import.

Where logistics is the real barrier. Not all therapies are equally hard to import:

• AAV gene therapy is a one-way trip. Zolgensma ships frozen at −60°C or colder, then can be kept in an ordinary 2–8°C fridge for up to 14 days. That's demanding but manageable for any serious hospital pharmacy.
• Autologous CAR-T is a round trip across two borders. The patient's cells have to be exported for manufacture and the finished product re-imported, each leg with its own paperwork and customs clearance. The product travels at −150°C in dry vapour shippers that hold temperature for roughly ten days, so a shipment stuck in customs over a long weekend is a real risk. Chain of identity has to be verified on receipt, before preparation and again immediately before infusion.
• The receiving hospital has to be ready. For Kymriah, for example, the US label requires a certified treatment centre, staff trained to manage cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity, and at least two doses of tocilizumab on site before infusion. Importing the product into a hospital that can't manage the side effects just moves the risk.
• Some countries treat gene therapy as a GMO. In the EU, gene therapy trials also fall under the GMO directives, with a separate application. The Cartagena Protocol exempts human pharmaceuticals covered by other agreements, but an importing country can still ask for its own assessment. Check this before the patient's clock starts, not after.

What must be on paper before anyone infuses, or even recommends, the product. This is the point I'd underline for any doctor or family, because the pressure to "just get it" is enormous:

1. Evidence for the product itself. Before a doctor recommends a cell or gene therapy, it should have published clinical trial data and approval from a recognised regulator somewhere, or be given inside a registered trial. India's hospital import route builds this in by requiring approval in the country of origin. Hospital-made products like Barcelona's ARI-0001 or Sheba's CAR-T have published their results. Clinics selling unproven "stem cell" or "gene" treatments usually haven't, and the US FDA warned again in May 2026 that unapproved cell products have been linked to serious harm, including deaths.
2. The batch's certificate of analysis. For a CAR-T, the release data should cover identity (CAR expression), potency, vector copy number, viability, sterility, mycoplasma, endotoxin and testing for replication-competent virus. Sterility is often the slowest test, so a product may be released on interim results with the final culture still pending. That's accepted practice, but the treating team must know exactly what's pending and have a plan if it turns positive.
3. A clear answer if the product is out of specification. Sometimes a patient's cells don't grow well enough and the product fails a release test. Novartis ran a separate expanded-access programme in the US for out-of-specification Kymriah. Giving such a product is a documented decision by the treating physician, with the patient's informed consent. It shouldn't happen quietly.
4. The patient's own test results, for AAV gene therapy. Many patients already carry antibodies to the virus used as the vector, and that can rule the therapy out. Zolgensma requires a baseline anti-AAV9 antibody test, with a retest if the titre is above 1:50. Roctavian requires AAV5 antibodies to be "not detected". Hemgenix requires testing for factor IX inhibitors and a liver work-up. Liver function tests come before all of them. Do these tests before the money is committed and the product ordered, because a positive result can end the plan.

None of this is bureaucracy for its own sake. A cell therapy that arrives warm, unverified or in the wrong patient's name isn't a treatment. It's a very expensive way to harm someone.

So what can a patient or doctor actually do?

A treating doctor with a patient in front of them can't wait for the structural problem to resolve. In practice, these are the routes, roughly in the order I'd check them:

1. Look for a regional product first. Before anything else, ask whether an Indian, Chinese or academic version exists for the indication. For B-cell lymphoma and leukaemia, it often does, and the price gap can be more than tenfold.
2. Check for an open clinical trial. It's the cleanest route to free treatment, though trials cluster where sponsors are, and a review of the field found no open gene therapy trials in low- and lower-middle-income countries at all.
3. Use a Named Patient Import route. Where a therapy is approved abroad but not registered locally, most regulators allow a specific product to be imported for a named patient, against a prescription and an import licence (here's how Named Patient Import works in India). It solves the regulatory barrier, not the price.
4. Consider treatment abroad. A patient from the Gulf, Africa or Southeast Asia weighing a $400,000 therapy at home against a $34,000 therapy in Mumbai is doing arithmetic that ends in a plane ticket. It's the same logic that built Indian medical travel for cardiac surgery and transplants. We run an advanced treatment access programme for exactly this situation.
5. Ask about government and insurance schemes. Outcomes-based and instalment payment models are proven now in the US, Brazil and China, and they can be negotiated.
6. Crowdfunding. It's now a routine part of the path for SMA families in particular. It works sometimes. It isn't a health system.

And be realistic: for many patients, none of these will land in time. That's hard to write, but pretending otherwise helps nobody.

What this means if you're on the buying side

Hospitals and institutional buyers: settle the pathway before the price. Find out whether your regulator's named-patient or compassionate-use route covers advanced therapies, what the import licence needs and how long it takes, before a specific patient's clock is running. Then check whether your cold chain can actually receive the product. If you need the original innovator product rather than a regional one, innovator drug sourcing is a separate exercise with its own paperwork.

Distributors: the regional products are where the volume will be. Cipla's move with NexCAR19 won't be the last licensing deal of its kind.

Manufacturers and investors: Beqvez and bluebird are the clearest signal the field has produced. A therapy priced beyond what any system will reimburse isn't a premium asset. It's a stranded one. The upside is in building to a cost base that emerging markets can absorb, because that's where most of the patients are.

The honest answer

So, if the common patient can't afford it, what's the point? Right now, for most patients, the point is the trajectory rather than the treatment. In less than a decade, the price of a CD19 CAR-T has gone from about $475,000 in the US to about $34,000 in India, for a therapy that works. The science is no longer the constraint. Cost structure, logistics and payment systems are. All three are man-made, and all three are being fixed, faster in Asia than anywhere else.

That won't comfort a family who needs treatment this month. But it's the reason the next family's answer may be different.

Frequently asked questions

Why is cell and gene therapy so expensive?

Most CAR-Ts are made one batch per patient from the patient's own cells, gene therapies treat very small populations with no repeat sales, and launch prices are set for the richest payers. Where manufacturing has moved in-country, prices have fallen sharply.

How much does CAR-T cost in India?

India's first home-grown CAR-T, NexCAR19, costs around ₹30 lakh (about $34,000) for the therapy, plus hospital and accommodation costs. Imported CAR-T costs many times more.

Is CAR-T cheaper in China than in the US?

Yes. Chinese CAR-T list prices mostly sit between about CNY 990,000 and CNY 1.29 million ($135,000–180,000), roughly a third of US prices, and some are now covered by commercial insurance schemes.

What is the difference between autologous and allogeneic CAR-T?

Autologous CAR-T is made from the patient's own cells, one batch at a time. Allogeneic, or "off-the-shelf", CAR-T is made in advance from donor cells and could be shipped like an ordinary vial, but no allogeneic CAR-T had been approved anywhere as of 2026.

Which countries do patients travel to for CAR-T?

Common destinations include China, Israel, Germany, Turkey, Singapore, Thailand and India. Prices range from around $34,000 for India's NexCAR19 to several hundred thousand dollars for commercial products in Europe, and patients need to stay near the treating centre for several weeks after infusion.

Can a patient import a cell or gene therapy that isn't approved in their country?

In many countries, yes, through a Named Patient Import or compassionate-use route, against a prescription and an import licence. It solves the regulatory barrier, not the cost.

PharmaTradz works with hospitals, distributors and treating physicians to source hard-to-find and unregistered medicines, including advanced therapies, through Named Patient Import and compassionate-use pathways. If you need to know whether a specific product can legally reach your market, talk to our team.

This article is for information only and is not medical advice. Treatment decisions must be made by the treating physician. Import of any medicine is subject to the regulations of the destination country and requires a valid prescription. Prices are list or reported prices at the time of writing, and change.

Sources

• 8 of the most expensive drugs in biopharma in 2026 (Labiotech, June 2026)
• What is the cost of Kymriah? (Drugs.com)
• What is the cost of Yescarta? (Drugs.com)
• Pfizer stops selling hemophilia gene therapy, citing weak demand (BioPharma Dive)
• Once valued at $10B, bluebird bio sells to private equity firms for $29M (Fierce Pharma)
• ImmunoACT achieves profitability with India's first CAR-T therapy (MedPath)
• ImmunoACT partners with Cipla (ImmunoACT, January 2026)
• All about Qartemi, made in India (ThePrint, January 2025)
• India's first-in-human gene therapy for haemophilia A (PIB, December 2024)
• Birsa-101: India's path towards affordable CRISPR therapies (ORF)
• CAR-T cell therapy: China's approved pipeline (ChinaMed Waypoint, August 2026)
• Early learnings from China's new Commercial Health Insurance Innovative Drug Catalogue (Avalere Health)
• CAR-T therapy leads Singapore medical tourism within APAC (BioSpectrum Asia)
• Chula makes progress in CAR T-cell therapy innovation (Chulalongkorn University)
• Bringing lifesaving research from the bench to bedside (Asian Scientist, December 2025)
• Increasing access to CAR-T therapy: an academic hospital's alternative innovation model (Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 2026)
• CMS model delivers access to sickle cell gene therapy (CMS, July 2025)
• Barriers and opportunities for outcome-based spread payments (PMC)
• The translational gap for gene therapies in low- and middle-income countries (Science Translational Medicine)
• The truth about off-the-shelf CAR-T treatments in 2026 (GlobalRPH, April 2026)
• FDA issues new CRL for tabelecleucel (CancerNetwork, January 2026)
• First clinical data for in vivo CAR-T that attracted a $1B AstraZeneca acquisition (Fierce Biotech)
• Safety signals and positive efficacy for AstraZeneca's in vivo CAR-T (Clinical Trials Arena, March 2026)
• The vein-to-vein problem: can APAC's cold chain carry advanced therapies? (BioPharma APAC)
• China lures foreign patients with cutting-edge, low-cost medical care (Bloomberg via Business Standard, June 2026)
• Foreigners flock to China for affordable medical treatment (SCMP, February 2026)
• Jiahui Health develops international CAR-T treatment platform (PR Newswire, November 2023)
• CARsgen's gastric cancer CAR-T nabs world-first approval (Fierce Pharma, June 2026)
• China CAR-T market report (21st Century Business Herald, May 2026, Chinese)
• Locally manufactured CD19 CAR-T in Malaysia (Bone Marrow Transplantation, May 2025)
• RM6 million laboratory opens at UMMC (Bioeconomy Corporation, April 2024)
• Beyond chemo: new blood cancer treatments in Malaysia (CodeBlue, April 2026)
• Mahidol's 'living drug' for cancer and thalassaemia (Techsauce, February 2026)
• Ramathibodi and Samitivej CAR-T technology transfer (Nation Thailand, September 2025)
• Prince of Songkla University local CAR-T (Bangkok Biz News, December 2025, Thai)
• CAR-T prices in Germany (ISPOR Europe poster, November 2024)
• Heidelberg receives hospital-exemption authorisation for CAR-T (Heidelberg University Hospital, December 2025, German)
• Finance information for international patients (Heidelberg University Hospital)
• CAR-T aftercare practice in German-speaking centres (Oncology Research and Treatment, January 2024)
• CAR-T in Turkey (Frontiers in Medicine, August 2024)
• Domestic CAR-T production in Turkey (Türkiye Gazetesi, May 2026, Turkish)
• Akdeniz University local CAR-T plans (AntalyaBiHaber, March 2026, Turkish)
• CAR-T hospitals and costs in Istanbul (Lyfboat, facilitator site)
• CAR-T cell treatment in Turkey (Healthy Türkiye, facilitator site)
• CAR-T therapy at Sheba Medical Center (Sheba, 2026)
• CAR-T cell treatment costs in Israel (Sheba, 2026)
• Point-of-care CAR-T shows comparable efficacy (Precision Medicine Online, December 2024)
• Hadassah's HBI0101 licensed to US firm (Times of Israel, January 2023)
• Procedure for import of small quantities of drugs for personal use (CDSCO)
• New Drugs and Clinical Trials Rules 2019, FAQ (CDSCO)
• Compassionate use and named-patient access for ATMPs (EuroGCT)
• Centre waives import duty and GST on infant's imported medicine (Business Standard, February 2021)
• India approves Zolgensma (ThePrint, August 2025)
• Cryogenic shipping systems (Cryoport)
• Kymriah prescribing information (US FDA)
• Zolgensma prescribing information (DailyMed)
• Gene therapy trials in Europe and GMO requirements (ProPharma, August 2025)
• Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, text
• Considerations for the development of CAR T cell products, guidance (US FDA, January 2024)
• Release testing and conditional release of CAR-T products (Bone Marrow Transplantation, January 2025)
• Expanded access for out-of-specification Kymriah, NCT03601442 (UCSF)
• AAV5 DetectCDx test for Roctavian eligibility (ARUP)
• Hemgenix prescribing information (US FDA)
• Warning about serious risks from unapproved products (US FDA, May 2026)